Urban Intersection Classification: A Comparative Analysis

Understanding the scene in front of a vehicle is crucial for self-driving vehicles and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, and in urban scenarios, intersection areas are one of the most critical, concentrating between 20% to 25% of road fatalities. This research presents a thorough investigation on the detection and classification of urban intersections as seen from onboard front-facing cameras. Different methodologies aimed at classifying intersection geometries have been assessed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art techniques based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) approaches, including single-frame approaches and temporal integration schemes. A detailed analysis of most popular datasets previously used for the application together with a comparison with ad hoc recorded sequences revealed that the performances strongly depend on the field of view of the camera rather than other characteristics or temporal-integrating techniques. Due to the scarcity of training data, a new dataset is created by performing data augmentation from real-world data through a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to increase generalizability as well as to test the influence of data quality. Despite being in the relatively early stages, mainly due to the lack of intersection datasets oriented to the problem, an extensive experimental activity has been performed to analyze the individual performance of each proposed systems.

Keywords: intersection classification; scene understanding; self driving; intelligent transportation systems; CNN; GAN; RNN

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@Article{s21186269, AUTHOR = {Ballardini, Augusto Luis and Hernández Saz, Álvaro and Carrasco Limeros, Sandra and Lorenzo, Javier and Parra Alonso, Ignacio and Hernández Parra, Noelia and García Daza, Iván and Sotelo, Miguel Ángel}, TITLE = {Urban Intersection Classification: A Comparative Analysis}, JOURNAL = {Sensors}, VOLUME = {21}, YEAR = {2021}, NUMBER = {18}, ARTICLE-NUMBER = {6269}, URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6269}, PubMedID = {34577480}, ISSN = {1424-8220}, ABSTRACT = {Understanding the scene in front of a vehicle is crucial for self-driving vehicles and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, and in urban scenarios, intersection areas are one of the most critical, concentrating between 20% to 25% of road fatalities. This research presents a thorough investigation on the detection and classification of urban intersections as seen from onboard front-facing cameras. Different methodologies aimed at classifying intersection geometries have been assessed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art techniques based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) approaches, including single-frame approaches and temporal integration schemes. A detailed analysis of most popular datasets previously used for the application together with a comparison with ad hoc recorded sequences revealed that the performances strongly depend on the field of view of the camera rather than other characteristics or temporal-integrating techniques. Due to the scarcity of training data, a new dataset is created by performing data augmentation from real-world data through a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to increase generalizability as well as to test the influence of data quality. Despite being in the relatively early stages, mainly due to the lack of intersection datasets oriented to the problem, an extensive experimental activity has been performed to analyze the individual performance of each proposed systems.}, DOI = {10.3390/s21186269} }